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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网& o) h% y: f2 U# \2 w( Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ, y, k% ]8 o8 s- W& _
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/ `0 }# m7 T) k( j/ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。. w% X' O1 D6 e; Y+ s0 H- U" O* `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) `" \$ ^! i- t6 h6 E8 i* t# lmso-font-kerning:0pt">5 Z& O4 s a0 o. F' Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：, t: p5 Z B) b+ w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。7 Y- Y9 D* Q( F8 Y6 o& {, [' hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 h# D3 u+ u& @) o' w( }% `3 h' S
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：7 B# s5 e! D% T' ~8 K" F
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$ Y% W. Q5 I* B# H# M, B1 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。1 v. T+ r# h- B/ `/ p: P5 ycolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 i; m1 \- l6 Y. l STahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& o6 j! T* T! N+ Z/ c9 `9 c, ~
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：- I2 y+ a' o# \ M) N# Q ]! K
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9 p/ w7 D: w$ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？$ p+ p- N' N9 h/ g+ J: N V) |
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/ Z7 T' U7 a% a4 Q* B1 E4 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 d; t& z/ M& w" s# c$ t
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4 a9 S/ h. m( c3 U3 ^- Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- y2 W* t* I0 wcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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9 N6 ] D. H# u- ^+ umso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。8 o7 d1 C2 R$ D* e' T3 l" Y3 b/ K' Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：. \# g$ s* J4 k; p, @# H2 W3 K3 M& }
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9 E- K- E a; b4 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。1 y! s- C; {$ n, }) {* j) o( T; q
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5 Z7 q& p% L! d- M! zmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：1 {$ P5 t/ d/ D1 {0 Q
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* C" r% u8 s3 GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。* C1 E( L3 m/ b/ ?; ^/ j
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$ C9 S5 ?! _5 [4 S7 H" i4 t( U" xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：4 p- ~- g4 c2 i' N) j Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' @" Q- X6 D3 p: P1 X) zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" f) j1 c( ^; u
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢% e& x6 A4 b2 n J, ]+ f8 S1 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 1 j; T* \5 ], hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! ~+ W& r7 P+ Q! K4 _( X6 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! y- O7 [3 |8 N U% ]. t! q( rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ ]6 Q4 ?) h- b: v# S$ e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。; \, m. Z& v1 w$ E$ F; fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是) ]# G! I( j" C8 d! y
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' a9 G1 Z$ S+ ]( v& ~1 g2 L* G: nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, }; r* C4 s2 ]2 W2 N+ |) s3 ^7 @
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/ O$ |/ N$ M Z/ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得 {' K5 y( M! Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- V; l& r: p! {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! I' U: B! i/ j s; g x9 a% z" [* n
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0 ~5 r& ~" B- S$ L2 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲" V5 Y+ J2 G, h2 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，& r* {8 t+ o& R& @; r+ K+ b/ f6 t0 o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! U& @8 M- ?, vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* }- o* `* i* u8 n5 s8 h) Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; b3 V1 z1 t! w+ E
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。0 z( p/ `3 a0 ~! F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？* b h& m* x+ N, l$ n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 [1 ?% b# w. h: j' Z8 }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义8 }% U% M! n6 |1 G, t: L$ Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 a. U. c: b D/ h; z4 L1 [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' R2 t( Q& C% V* `$ g* g' Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 y: d! u" u" N3 U; Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! R M5 g' v; i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- i, S" D: ^& i( `' F1 i: b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述8 M+ I: I0 s+ @: F1 b d: I
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7 O: W) g( ?) ^# Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊) X! U# v6 {* y. d) l4 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。% ?! D6 \2 j3 b/ i$ O- Q
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。$ I& G0 s; U1 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' s& R% P) [! \3 s( q- W" Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 Y1 T$ E- U; |. f; J7 v4 p R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) I' J$ p& x. V. qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ \. t0 `; \" Z5 b- s
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( s* a3 c8 M- k- pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：" |" m3 z, J/ t& j
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$ h, w1 n/ Y& v5 W0 F! G2 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。# _- p* ^$ S1 L, b
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( |$ R6 W6 u) u! t; f0 f3 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个% j' s6 H3 q; |" z2 W& Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 X: H6 O) G; g2 O5 v3 t' ^9 V- s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬+ q" m5 o7 \$ p0 ~) L( s$ o; Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 d* t# Y2 p2 s Q; K+ ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 a2 e! V2 j$ [! H, e# x% ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; ~, @1 g; L- O
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+ k. H$ R$ @6 d" Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道 p1 g9 P" \+ a C/ ?
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- P+ h1 n: K+ Q3 S. ]6 f0 ~6 f4 b. T7 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。) n3 D# a' p- ?6 b9 r0 V8 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& a4 L. `/ }- K% Y! g6 Z3 H, ZTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：2 H5 g1 E1 O2 M9 m$ e5 t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的2 L7 f; e. {/ k a" m: E2 x& E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思+ R" k9 ^4 W+ ^9 ?% x. Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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