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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. L) G; c! B* ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">20 I! E& n; o; B# `/ n
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7 x6 [% X* F2 k( _ x. _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 p5 c# M3 B8 O/ l% g0 s2 h* S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。$ `+ c5 Y6 C/ s: D( w" Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。4 p% C; F! D; ?- `, y7 w8 Z' H: \
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' v' u2 r/ h) P/ a1 {- c2 `. k3 v" Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经0 ]6 o& ]. e( B2 P1 q. ^0 f
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5 [' w- `7 l1 a8 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。. L+ V& u: i) b" s1 v F, bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& G3 | u; O4 |8 q4 f5 `9 J& D% s' G7 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是3 M6 e0 v9 v2 K* d' a& ~1 \# s1 I
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5 b: ], P5 z& [7 h( cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？. _ y; T5 c; c9 l5 o$ e6 T1 P0pt">
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& M5 P7 k u' m6 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，5 E5 \* H) f& x; s
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& p' o3 \5 b/ {8 y. y) A+ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。( C; r# s B1 Z- H5 `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐7 G7 r( F" E. R, o0 d2 [! d10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' t3 Y/ r* ` r' fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
8 Q0 b& z2 O6 X5 \0 e4 A+ A9 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 b# R- u1 D, P% ^3 ]
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. h0 d( A8 _- j! b. }) ymso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种, L0 O8 j# F* C. w' Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“! D# F" A3 F) J+ W6 d0 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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. z" }2 ?& Z8 l3 `+ {6 b$ Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的3 g- X! p& E/ }$ Q8 N7 o; ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，1 I1 k9 @$ e% v# L7 i( K, w+ F+ D
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& N& ?$ q6 e7 f! s+ z( dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教- S f! W& {* ?2 u
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$ E0 ?$ q, D% \0 c+ ]: F8 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。. K6 c, ~9 P9 ]- F" ]8 W7 n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌0 @# s l5 k! y# ~
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! A& E. O) `7 g9 [4 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视+ q" q! E% p' G7 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：7 d3 e* r( _" a6 p( K! |' G8 s7 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。9 O3 S$ Q; P0 V- f; V0 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 G( @6 n' d _9 U8 K6 y
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; \* V8 U' o" p# y2 e8 C) Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ Y8 e) p* b% N4 s5 E
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& p) R) a" X' g2 Y. {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。1 o1 h" r' O, F! p3 c" q) }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语& K. g! T2 T: n+ z! Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">•. F* b4 _. \5 f& P( }4 u: y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过3 N+ S/ ~1 x; A, h7 \
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. C( V3 ~6 X2 Y! N& i" `3 E8 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨: ^) J" Q) t: C B: T. ~% m
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7 X/ ?8 }/ X* Z% ?; q' {$ emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人2 @# O+ S |7 M% O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。5 k2 }# M S4 L9 L* I, @# u
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. B' G; r2 z0 \& U% P$ P# xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。: i0 _. x% p0 m e& k. K% Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">"- y0 A. e+ G* I4 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; O+ @# I% }7 Q _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。6 j- \! u. E# }4 B- O' j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。5 x$ U( X7 y p0 | G8 ]. Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; g; Y0 K) u. |" t" D4 S( E( G" H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃% f( n& H5 Y$ p! {( Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ T7 x/ ~! E6 e: C+ L& {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ |: p9 v- J9 j: @* r; umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批/ a l7 _' Q5 h" i" [
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4 B9 |; W* I! S$ _$ T3 B. z+ ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”$ H! y4 K2 }0 K$ o, h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。: I, }7 a* c! E5 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。% b2 m% m$ `! s0 ^% b+ _ _8 U
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2 @% @' E5 m- Z) s6 S8 Q7 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于* Z t5 _5 |2 h9 ?* y; T4 u
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% b. ^; O5 x% d! b4 ]/ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观# T: Q I: X# [8 z5 x. q2 N, y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓# t" k5 q( [/ F, y! H+ }. Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 j# g$ v E/ T
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5 P# N+ Y6 @6 M I8 C% Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓3 o4 x9 u2 F- }( f; ]/ v J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓, z8 ]3 c% H3 E
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1 [' G" n/ G4 j& X: K; D" m+ a3 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群; g9 h( p u" M0 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- V( N" s4 ~4 M: A( Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' r+ a4 f/ \. b/ W7 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓/ a- [" Z# {$ L5 ]3 I* Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 @! C( X( g) Z8 P3 q
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4 [" P; a3 H3 t' S* Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨5 O4 y' I, c7 j7 M. h1 a' ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼- h0 P1 q# z& W" bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 H% l8 g; O' |& c! e1 k/ W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤" e' V- G0 d" R" W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能4 C3 V" j2 I& X; Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 B8 c% h' H0 O' ?+ ~) z
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6 P" r4 \8 ~7 X* h" E; Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒# i: b& e* h. ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人5 S! }+ o3 D5 |5 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 N. F8 |( m: x0 o' F! rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- J0 s9 V1 O4 U# P* S" ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪8 }* y$ R7 W9 smso-font-kerning:0pt">” e) x, t* f7 ~# N2 a/ K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。5 O2 V! T$ I7 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">+ Q; J. X+ N8 o; b. Q
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. U- ~+ E! [: |6 J2 e5 ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。1 j' k; K5 M% D# h9 ?7 t8 [* v( t! o! }
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300x180 AD
