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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： $ ~& H3 P# }+ ~4 m- Z
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/ ~) |# y" ^" k* \9 t: K& d4 VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& k) d7 v1 ~ r5 }
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" }/ F) Y* a$ [+ pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。, t. F6 W$ t. { A# q
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5 W# U9 n8 v$ ]! x) Z0 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 Q! B7 p4 k& I2 q1 omso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。6 M5 ?6 C6 U. y) Q+ [
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" b% s$ b! w& f- ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢, h7 s3 x$ d$ @$ d3 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) y1 U6 Z5 W- Q
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8 J; ~9 a4 z c7 h1 c) uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学' m+ D$ q$ l& O+ s- dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ d$ U# `( @- M* J3 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？, l$ G0 [* f& j7 ~: [* [' L
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' q: D/ l! _ ~7 T, Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。6 \. j# C* ~3 F1 b0pt"> 4 k* F% r/ \ X4 d
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3 r) y" @* R, r& G1 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”: f# Y; H- g* m; \7 P/ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& V) {3 v( @/ L* zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. p' E$ W) t2 j1 v! {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说# V1 v2 k8 z4 B0 C. c1 r+ `" w. H
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( k o" F7 P9 p6 VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚- x7 l( l; J s* e# P- Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* J2 ^2 ]5 n I7 }" v! KTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：9 `9 r$ s& y% r3 t+ ^" Y- D$ C4 i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！" I, l: M0 V, h/ V/ o3 ?! {' x2 A+ U
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) u! x* w' }) z) UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假2 C9 u7 | ~: m% Z0 @mso-font-kerning:0pt"> + p( V) T7 ]5 M8 n
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4 s* B$ i( ^6 s' e0 F$ ^4 U& QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是4 Q3 y& j" _1 \! j0 u8 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题( a6 X6 q% B9 B3 Y! Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 I4 T" y) ~: i3 A* {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; D+ {6 |9 x$ X2 E$ |- G) K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。3 D; y' k; O1 O( xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; u- V2 v9 R* v+ N6 Y" bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, K6 j2 b8 |$ S+ _% p/ tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴" T# j; y y, ?$ r: [5 N' q
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2 `" p8 k3 K Q# K7 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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